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Energy Production Energy Production is the production of primary energy that is extracted from the ambient environment. In addition to solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels and nuclear electricity, the total also includes hydropower, geothermal, solar, combustible renewables and waste, and indigenous heat production from heat pumps. These data show the amount of electricity and heat produced specifically for human consumption. Production is measured in a common unit of 1,000 metric tons of oil equivalent (toe). One metric toe is equal to the net heat content of a metric ton of crude oil and can also be expressed as 10 Exp. 7 kilocalories (equivalent to a food calorie) or 41.868 gigajoules. Total From All Sources is total production from all energy sources including fossil fuels, nuclear electricity, hydroelectric plants, modern renewables, and renewable fuels and wastes. Per capita values are calculated by the World Resources Institute as the amount of energy (in kilograms of oil equivalent) produced per person, regardless of source. Population data are from the United Nations Population Division. Energy production data are from the IEA. Solid Fuels shows the energy produced by coal and all coal products, such as peat and coke. Liquid Fuels shows the energy produced by crude oil or natural gas liquids. These include motor and aviation gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, and petrochemical feedstocks, which refer to all oil products used as raw material in the petrochemical industry for steamcracking, aromatics plants. e.g. naphtha, liquefied petroleum gases, light and heavy gasoil, reformate, etc. Gaseous Fuels shows the amount of energy produced by natural gases, occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. Gaseous Fuels include "non-associated" gas from fields producing gaseous hydrocarbons, and "associated" gas produced in association with crude oil, and methane recovered from coal mines (colliery gas). Nuclear energy production shows the primary heat equivalent of the electricity produced by nuclear power plants. Heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency is assumed to be 33 percent. Hydroelectric refers to the energy content of the electricity produced in hydroelectric power plants, which convert the potential and kinetic energy of water into electricity. This variable excludes output from pumped storage. Other Renewables shows the amount of energy produced by renewable sources such as wind; tide, wave and ocean; thermal and photovoltaic solar; primary solid biomass from plant matter; liquid biomass fuels such as ethanol; biogas from digesters; and geothermal systems. |